1. Individualized methods
•The individualized methods of instruction can be defined as instructions designed to meet the
needs of an individual learner and to
accommodate the differences displayed
between the learners. The main teaching
methods include assignments, case-study approach, computer-based learning, open learning, personalized system
of instruction, and programmed
instructions, which are discussed below.
2. Assignments
Assignments are given to students for a
number of purposes, such as for acquiring
additional information, surveying,
application of knowledge, and solving numerical problems. Although the main role is of the learner, the teacher
too has a crucial role.
The teacher has to plan the assignments and guide the student regarding
references for collecting relevant information. The assignments should be open
ended and should promote creativity among the
students.
Advantages
1. It helps students work independently.
2. It helps in sharpening the student’s comprehension,
analytical, and problem-solving
abilities.
3. It helps in inculcation of creativity among the students.
Limitation
1. Students may copy each others material unless the
assignments are carefully planned.
3.3. Case Study
Unlike traditional lecture-based
teaching where student participation in
the classroom is minimal, the case
method is an active learning method that requires participation and involvement from the student in the
classroom.
A case is usually a “description
of an actual situation,
the student must deal with the situation
described in the case, that is, in the role of a decision maker facing
the situation.
Advantages
1.
It provides opportunity to the participants
to analyse,
critically examine, evaluate, and
express reasoned opinions.
2.
It enhances decision-making and problem solving skills.
3.
It ensures active participation, which may
lead to innovative solutions
Limitations
1. It requires training for the teachers to use this method.
2. It is not useful for all subjects and situations.
4. Programmed Instruction
•Programmed Instruction (PI) is a general term for a highly structured system of learning, which
is based on logical sequence of self-paced, learning steps with feedback between each step.
The learner gets immediate feedback
after each step.
Advantages
1. There is regular feedback.
2. This ensures active participation of the learner, and it can be used for any
subject.
Limitation
1. Learner motivation may get diminished after sometime.
5. Personalized System of Instruction
•Personalized System of Instruction (PSI) can be used for all subject matters except
where the students are to select the
contents. Learners must achieve mastery
of a series of written mastery units,
assisted by teachers, proctors, and
enriching lectures before proceeding to
the final test.
•PSI consists of five basic elements comprising
(i) mastery learning,
(ii)
self-pacing,
(iii) stress on written material,
(iv) proctors, and
(v) lectures.
Advantages
1. It is based on mastery learning.
2. It facilitates self-paced learning.
Limitations
1. It is not suitable for rapidly changing course contents.
2. It is not suitable for psychomotor and affective domains.
6. Computer- assisted Learning
•Computer-assisted Learning (CAL) is concerned with the use of
a computer to mediate the flow of
information in a learning process. A
computer has the ability to process information very quickly, accurately and to
adapt and respond to the learner’s need,
difficulties, and progress, which is
much greater than that of a book or
video tape.
Advantages
1. It has more flexibility and better control in comparison to other methods.
2. It can be effectively used for drilling and practicing, simulation, and modelling.
Limitation
1. It is impersonal and costly.
7.7. Open learning
•The face-to-face interaction between teachers and students
through tutorials should form a part of
open learning. For open learning, learning packages are to be developed, making
use of multimedia. Open learning
instruction is, however, not suitable for the rapidly changing nature of content as this involves time, expertise,
and resources.
Advantage
1. It offers flexibility to learner.
Limitations
1. It is not suitable for achieving psychomotor and affective learning objectives.
2. It requires time, expertise, and resources, and hence, not suitable for subjects of
rapidly changing nature.
8. Differentiated Instruction (DI)
•Differentiated
instruction is a dynamic, proactive
method of teaching. It means that the teacher plans and uses a variety of ways to teach
learning. It is a combination of whole group, small group, and individual instruction
methods.
•In
this method, qualitative aspects are given
more weightage than quantitative aspects. It uses multiple approaches to accommodate
multiple intelligences. It is student-centred,
meaning that lessons are engaging,
relevant, interesting, and active. It is
an organized and planned method of
teaching.
9. Heuristic Method
This method was advocated by Professor Armstrong. In this method, the student has
to find out the answer to his/her own
problem by unaided efforts. Thus, the
child becomes a discoverer of knowledge by developing a spirit of inquiry. The main aim of teaching by
this method is not to provide much facts
about science, mathematics, grammar, etc. but to teach how knowledge of these can be obtained.
THANK YOU
To see all the important topics of commerce please visit in playlist and like share and comment our video
more videos link.
learner characteristics for paper-1 https://youtu.be/Df9UwiTcIVk
level of teaching https://youtu.be/O8UGOyxjdT8
complete syllabusof paper-1 https://youtu.be/DWUdUDWCivQ
For More information
Also you can
Join our Whatsapp group
https://chat.whatsapp.com/HhHNglVlHx5Fw8kH60O8JF
For Pdf Join @ telegram
@Shineacademy82
Join @ Facebook page
https://m.facebook.com/shineacademy096/?ref=bookmarks&mt_nav=0
Join us on instagram
https://www.instagram.com/shineacademy096/
0 Comments
if you have any doubts, please let me know